El mal en Jean Jacques Rousseau: sobre el ser humano y el conocimiento de sí / The evil in Jean Jacques Rousseau: on the human being and the knowledge of himself

Este artículo se ocupa del mal en Rousseau, recurriendo a cuatro imágenes, a saber: la vida social (socie-dad) y el hombre social (homme de l ́homme), en contraste con el estado de naturaleza (état de nature) y el hombre natural (homme naturel). Imágenes de orden lógico, esto es, filosófico argumentativas, que exponen la tensión y el alejamiento del hombre con respecto a su naturaleza. El supuesto indica que este alejamiento se eleva como la imposibilidad del conocimiento pleno de sí; convierte al ser humano en alguien extraño para sí que hipostasia su concepto en las determinaciones de la vida social. El método utilizado se desprende de la filosofía misma de Rousseau. El procedimiento se organiza con la identificación y presen-tación de un supuesto y su desarrollo lógico mediante argumentos que requieren la selección, organización y sistematización de fuentes encaminadas a exponer el supuesto en toda su complejidad

This article deals with evil in Rousseau, resorting to four images, namely. Social life (society) and social man (Homme de l'homme) are in contrast to (contrast with)) the state of nature (état de nature) and the natural man (Homme naturel). Images of logical order, that is, argumentative philosophical, which expose the tension and distance of man from his nature. The assumption indicates that this estrangement rises as the impossibility of full self-knowledge; it turns the human being into someone foreign to himself who hypostasia his concept in the determinations of social life. The method used follows from Rousseau's philosophy. The procedure is organized with the identification and presentation of an assumption and its logical development through arguments that require the selection, organization, and systematization of sources aimed at exposing the assumption in all its complexity.

Resiliencia comunitaria frente a la exclusión social: caso María Cano Carambolas, Medellín / Community resilience facing social exclusion: a case study in Maria Cano Carambolas, Medellin

Este artículo tuvo como propósito crear un espacio de reflexión acerca de las capacidades resilientes de los habitantes del barrio María Cano Carambolas (Medellín-Colombia) a partir de observaciones participantes. El trabajo de campo se documentó mediante diarios de campo y relatos del alumnado de la principal institución educativa. A partir del estudio de las condiciones socio-económicas, políticas y educativas del barrio, analizaremos las habilidades de afrontamiento y las estrategias resilientes comunitarias. Nuestras conclusiones resaltan la alta capacidad de abstracción ante las problemáticas que les rodean y en el caso de los jóvenes, la percepción positiva de logro de objetivos a medio-largo plazo; a pesar de que las dinámicas disfuncionales de sus familias, las políticas públicas insuficientes e ineficaces de un Estado negligente y las propias condiciones del barrio limitan su acceso a oportunidades de futuro

The purpose of this article was to create a reflection space on the resilient capacities of the inhabitants of the María Cano Carambolas neighborhood (Medellín-Colombia) based on participant observations. The field work was documented through field diaries and stories from the students of the main educational institution. From the study of the socio-economic, political and educational conditions of the neighborhood, we will analyze coping skills and community resilient strategies. Our conclusions highlight the high capacity for abstraction in the face of the problems that surround them and in the case of young people, the positive perception of achievement of medium-long-term objectives; despite the fact that the dysfunctional dynamics of their families, the insufficient and ineffective public policies of a negligent state and the very conditions of the neighborhood limit their access to future opportunities

Perceptions on Diversity in Cardiology: A Survey of Cardiology Fellowship Training Program Directors.

Background The lack of diversity in the cardiovascular physician workforce is thought to be an important driver of racial and sex disparities in cardiac care. Cardiology fellowship program directors play a critical role in shaping the cardiology workforce. Methods and Results To assess program directors' perceptions about diversity and barriers to enhancing diversity, the authors conducted a survey of 513 fellowship program directors or associate directors from 193 unique adult cardiology fellowship training programs. The response rate was 21% of all individuals (110/513) representing 57% of US general adult cardiology training programs (110/193). While 69% of respondents endorsed the belief that diversity is a driver of excellence in health care, only 26% could quote 1 to 2 references to support this statement. Sixty-three percent of respondents agreed that "our program is diverse already so diversity does not need to be increased." Only 6% of respondents listed diversity as a top 3 priority when creating the cardiovascular fellowship rank list. Conclusions These findings suggest that while program directors generally believe that diversity enhances quality, they are less familiar with the literature that supports that contention and they may not share a unified definition of "diversity." This may result in diversity enhancement having a low priority. The authors propose several strategies to engage fellowship training program directors in efforts to diversify cardiology fellowship training programs.

L'omnipotència infantil, un problema bioètic. La necessitat I la urgència de repensar l'educació en el marc de l'ètica del cuidar / Children's omnipotence: a bioethical issue. The need and urgency to rethink education within the framework of care ethics / La omnipotencia infantil: un problema bioético. La necesidad y urgencia de repensar la educación en el marco de la ética del cuidar

L'educació, tant en els primers nivells de socialització com en les seves etapes posteriors d'educació formal, està posant en risc el desenvolupament de l'autonomia individual tan necessària perquè l'alumne arribi a la maduresa pròpia de l'etapa adulta. Les polítiques educatives, els nous models educatius I la societat mateixa estan desvinculant l' autonomia progressiva de la responsabilitat, els sentiments de la raó, l'emoció de la voluntat I la motivació del deure en la seva praxi educativa. Les conseqüències són que els alumnes queden ancorats en actituds infantils d'omnipotència amb incapacitat de fer un ajustament adequat amb la realitat I reaccionant en la majoria de casos amb agressivitat. La bioètica I l'educació tenen una relació necessària amb la construcció de subjectes morals I autònoms És urgent traçar una línia per sota de la qual no es donin les condiciones necessaries pel desenvolupament ple de la nostra joventut. La bioètica, que té un caràcter multidisciplinar I interdisciplinar, ha d' atendre als problemes actuals I complexos de l' educació I contribuir a pensar models educatius que formin ciutadans compromesos, responsables I solidaris. Un model educatiu s'ha de construir dins d'un debat bioètic i, en el marc de l'ètica del cuidar, sense desvincular-se de les ètiques de caràcter normatiu

La educación, tanto en los primeros niveles de socialización como en sus etapas posteriores de educación formal, está poniendo en riesgo el desarrollo de la autonomía individual tan necesaria para que el alumno llegue a la madurez propia de la etapa adulta. Las políticas educativas, los nuevos modelos educativos y la sociedad misma están desvinculando la autonomía progresiva de la responsabilidad, los sentimientos de la razón, la emoción de la voluntad y la motivación del deber en su praxis educativa. Las consecuencias son que los alumnos quedan anclados en actitudes infantiles de omnipotencia con incapacidad de hacer un ajuste adecuado con la realidad y reaccionando en la mayoría de casos con agresividad. La bioética y la educación tienen una relación necesaria con la construcción de sujetos morales y autónomos. Es urgente trazar una línea por debajo de la cual no se den las condiciones necesarias para el desarrollo pleno de nuestra juventud. La bioética, que tiene un carácter multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, debe atender a los problemas actuales y complejos de la educación y contribuir a pensar modelos educativos que formen ciudadanos comprometidos, responsables y solidarios. Un modelo educativo debe construirse dentro de un debate bioético y, en el marco de la ética del cuidar, sin desvincularse de las éticas de carácter normativo

Education, both at the early levels of socialization and in the later stages of formal education, is putting at risk the development of the individual autonomy so necessary for the student to reach the maturity of adulthood. Educational policies, the new educational models and society itself are dissociating progressive autonomy from responsibility, feelings of reason, emotion from will and motivation of duty in their educational practice. The consequences are that students are anchored in childish attitudes of omnipotence with an inability to adjust accordingly to reality and reacting, in most cases, aggressively. Bioethics and education have a necessary relationship with the construction of moral and autonomous subjects. Bioethics, which has a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary character, must address the current and complex problems of education and contribute to thinking about educational models that form committed, responsible and supportive citizens. An educational model must be constructed within a bioethical debate and, within the framework of the ethics of care, without dissociating itself from normative ethics

Outrunning Burnout in a GI Fellowship Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Many GI training programs have needed to adjust to the serious disruption to the training and education of fellows worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A silent problem that has arisen within programs is the issue of burnout among their trainees. Burnout is common among gastroenterologists, especially in fellows (Keswani et al. in Gastroenterology 147(1):11-14, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.05.023 , Am J Gastroenterol 106(10):1734-1740, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.148 ), with negative consequences to patient care and the safety of the trainees if not effectively dealt with. In this article, the author describes several additional factors potentially contributing to the intensifying burnout of the fellows in their home institution during this pandemic. Moreover, he describes specific practical interventions that the hospital and program have taken in order to address these factors.

Realizing the Potential of Robotics for Aged Care Through Co-Creation.

Socially assistive robots have the potential to improve aged care by providing assistance through social interaction. While some evidence suggests a positive impact of social robots on measures of well-being, the adoption of robotic technology remains slow. One approach to improve technology adoption is involving all stakeholders in the process of technology development using co-creation methods. To capture relevant stake holders' priorities and perceptions on the ethics of robotic companions, we conducted an interactive co-creation workshop at the 2019 Geriatric Services Conference in Vancouver, BC. The participants were presented with different portrayals of robotic companions in popular culture and answered questions about perceptions, expectations, and ethical concerns about the implementation of robotic technology. Our results reveal that the most pressing ethical concerns with robotic technology, such as issues related to privacy, are critical potential barriers to technology adoption. We also found that most participants agree on the types of tasks that robots should help with, such as domestic chores, communication, and medication reminders. Activities that robots should not help with, according to the stakeholders, included bathing, toileting, and managing finances. The perspectives that were captured contribute to a preliminary outline of the areas of importance for geriatric care stake holders in the process of ethical technology design and development.

Partnering ethics and chemistry in secondary and university STEM education via an innovatively designed periodic table of chemical elements / Ética y química asociadas en la educación secundaria y universitaria STEM, a través de una tabla periódica de elementos químicos de diseño innovador / Associando ética e química na educação stem secundária e universitária via uma tabela periódica de elementos químicos desenvolvida de forma innovadora

As declared by the United Nations, 2019 is the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. Accordingly, an innovative new Periodic Table of Chemical Elements and Ethics [PETE] has been developed as an educational tool for secondary and university STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education. The tool is designed to be used in a case-based approache that is feasible to both individual and small group learners. Specifically, with the new periodic table, STEM becomes aligned with STSE (Science and Technology on Society and Environment), laying a curricular pathway for integrating discussions of ethics into the teaching of chemistry. Presented is the table, as well as sources for pairable ethics cases, and guidance for teachers to create curriculum which facilitates connections between ethics, chemistry, and society.

Según lo declarado por las Naciones Unidas, 2019 es el Año Internacional de la Tabla Periódica de Elementos Químicos. En consecuencia, se ha desarrollado una nueva e innovadora tabla periódica de elementos químicos y ética [PETE] como una herramienta educativa para la educación secundaria y universitaria STEM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas). La herramienta está diseñada para usarse en un enfoque basado en casos que sea factible tanto para estudiantes individuales como para grupos pequeños. Específicamente, con la nueva tabla periódica, STEM se alinea con STSE (Ciencia y Tecnología en Sociedad y Medio Ambiente), estableciendo una vía curricular para integrar las discusiones de ética en la enseñanza de la química. Se presenta la tabla, así como las fuentes de casos de ética que se pueden pactar, y orientación para que los maestros creen un plan de estudios que facilite las conexiones entre la ética, la química y la sociedad.

Como declarado pelas Nações Unidas, 2019 é o Ano Internacional da Tabela Periódica de Elementos Químicos. Portanto, uma inovadora e nova Tabela Periódica de Elementos Químicos e Ética (PETE, sigla em inglês) foi desenvolvida como uma ferramenta educacional para educação STEM (sigla em inglês para Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática) secundária e universitária. A ferramenta é elaborada para ser usada em uma abordagem baseada em casos, viável tanto para aprendizagem individual como de pequenos grupos. Especificamente, com a nova tabela periódica, STEM se alinha com STSE (sigla em inglês para Ciência e Tecnologia na Sociedade e Ambiente), estabelecendo uma via curricular para integrar discussões de ética no ensino de química. Apresenta-se a tabela, bem como fontes de casos éticos pareados, e orientação para professores criarem um currículo que facilite conexões entre ética, química e sociedade.

Deliberaciones éticas ante investigaciones en el área de educación: a propósito de un caso / Ethical deliberations about research in the area of education: about a case

Un equipo investigador liderado por el primer autor de este artículo propuso traducir al español, adaptar transculturalmente y validar un cuestionario para evaluar la competencia de quienes ejercen mentoría en investigación. Dado que no se trataba de una investigación clínica, en un principio, el equipo investigador le restó importancia a la deliberación ética, asumiendo que este tipo de investigación podría estar exceptuada de ser evaluada por un Comité Independiente de Ética. Sin embargo, luego de revisar la bibliografía especializada y de varias sesiones de discusión con expertos en ética de la investigación, la opinión del equipo fue cambiando. Este artículo pretende compartir esta experiencia deliberativa con todo equipo involucrado en investigaciones en educación. (AU)

A research team led by the first author of this article proposed to translate into Spanish, adapt cross-culturally and validate a questionnaire to assess the competence of those who do research mentoring. Since it was not a clinical investigation, initially, the research team downplayed ethical deliberation, assuming that this type of research could be exempted from being evaluated by an Independent Ethics Committee. However, after reviewing the specialized literature and several discussion sessions with experts in research ethics, the opinion of the team changed. This article aims to share this deliberative experience with any team involved in education research. (AU)

Responsibility, planning and risk management: moralizing everyday finance through financial education.

The individualization, privatization and marketization of risk management represent a fundamental dimension of the financialization of everyday life. As individuals are required to engage with financial products and services as the main way of protecting themselves from risks and uncertainties, their economic welfare and security are construed as depending largely on their own financial decisions. Within this setting, the concept of financial literacy and accompanying practices of financial education have emerged as a prominent institutional field handling the formulation and communication of the attributes and dispositions that arguably constitute the proper financial actor. This article analyzes financial education programmes currently conducted by state agencies in Israel, examining the notions and principles they articulate when defining and explaining proper financial conduct. The study indicates that moral themes and categories occupy a salient place in the formulation of the character traits that constitute the desired literate financial actor. Notions of individual responsibility, planning ahead and rational risk management are presented not merely as instrumental resources, but as moral imperatives. Through these notions, the programmes moralize a broad array of everyday practices of personal finance such as saving, investing, borrowing and budget management, thereby connecting the sphere of financial matters to the domain of moral virtues. Offering a representation of particular modes of financial conduct as constitutive components of morally virtuous personhood, these practices imbue the financial field as a whole, especially its current generalized logic of individualized and marketized risk management, with moral meanings, hence contributing to the normalization and depoliticization of the financialization of everyday life.

Research 101: A process for developing local guidelines for ethical research in heavily researched communities.

BACKGROUND: Marginalized communities often attract more than their share of research. Too often, this research benefits researchers disproportionately and leaves such communities feeling exploited, misrepresented, and exhausted. The Downtown Eastside (DTES) neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada, has been the site of multiple public health epidemics related to injection drug use as well as the site of much community-led resistance and struggle that has led to the development of cutting-edge harm reduction interventions (e.g., North America's first supervised injection facility, Insite) and a strong sense of community organization. This background has made the DTES one of the most heavily researched communities in the world. Amidst ongoing experiences of unethical or disrespectful research engagement in the neighborhood, a collaboration between local academic researchers and community representatives developed to explore how we could work together to encourage more respectful, community-responsive research and discourage exploitative or disrespectful research. METHODS: We developed a series of six weekly workshops called "Research 101." These workshops brought together approximately 13 representatives from peer-based organizations in the DTES with a variety of experiences with research. Research 101 created space for community members themselves to discuss the pitfalls and potential of research in their neighborhood and to express community expectations for more ethical and respectful research. RESULTS: We summarized workshop discussions in a co-authored "Manifesto for Ethical Research in the Downtown Eastside." This document serves as a resource to empower community organizations to develop more equitable partnerships with researchers and help researchers ground their work in the principles of locally developed "community ethics." Manifesto guidelines include increased researcher transparency, community-based ethical review of projects, empowering peer researchers in meaningful roles within a research project, and taking seriously the need for reciprocity in the research exchange. CONCLUSIONS: Research 101 was a process for eliciting and presenting a local vision of "community ethics" in a heavily researched neighborhood to guide researchers and empower community organizations. Our ongoing work involves building consensus for these guidelines within the community and communicating these expectations to researchers and ethics offices at local universities. We also describe how our Research 101 process could be replicated in other heavily researched communities.

Public health etichs education in public health masters in Spain: Current status and available resources for teaching / La educación en ética de la salud pública en los másteres de salud pública en España: Situación actual y recursos disponibles para la docencia / L'educació en ètica de la salut pública en els màsters de salut pública a Espanya: Situació actual i recursos disponibles per a la docència

Ethics education of public health (PH) professionals is insufficient, despite general consensus on the need for it. This article aims to describe the extent to which Spanish masters of public health (MPH) have adopted ethic courses, and to review teaching and/or learning resources on PH ethics available in English. We explored Internet sites from current MPH in Spain and searched for teaching resources using different strategies. A total of 14 MPH were identified out of which seven (50.0%) teach ethics. Ethics is taught together with other aspects of PH in all cases. A total of 12 textbooks on PH ethics were reviewed, 5 of them include case studies and most have good or high value as teaching tools

La formación en ética de los profesionales en salud pública (SP) es necesaria pero insuficiente. Este artículo pretende describir el grado en que los masters de salud pública (MSP) en España incluyen la ética en su programa y revisar los materiales docentes de ética en SP disponibles en lengua inglesa. Examinamos en Internet el programa de los MSP y los materiales docentes utilizando diferentes estrategias de búsqueda. De los 14 MSP identificados, la mitad (7) incluyen la ética en su programa y en todos los casos ésta se enseña junto con otros aspectos de SP. Doce libros de texto fueron revisados, 5 de los cuales incluyen casos prácticos y casi todos tienen un alto valor como material docente

La formació en ètica dels professionals en salut pública (SP) és necessària però insuficient. Aquest article pretén descriure el grau en què els màsters de salut pública (MSP) a Espanya inclouen l'ètica en el seu programa i revisar els materials docents d'ètica en SP disponibles en llengua anglesa. Examinem a Internet el programa dels MSP i els materials docents utilitzant diferents estratègies de cerca. Dels 14 MSP identificats, la meitat (7) inclouen l'ètica en el seu programa i en tots els casos aquesta s'ensenya juntament amb altres aspectes de SP. Dotze llibres de text van ser revisats, 5 dels quals inclouen casos pràctics i gairebé tots ells tenen un alt valor com a material docent

Diálogo y gobierno multistakeholder en la Universidad. Sobre ética y responsabilidad social / Dialogue and multistakeholder Governance at the University. On Ethics and Social Responsibility / Diàleg i govern multistakeholder a la Universitat. Sobre ètica i responsabilitat social

Este artículo aboga por una mayor imbricación de la universidad en la sociedad. Se plantean los conceptos de desarrollo sostenible y responsabilidad social y se define la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU) como el impacto de la universidad en la sociedad. Se distingue entre diálogo con los grupos de interés y gobierno multistakeholder

This article is a call for greater engagement by universities in the community at large. The article examines the concepts of sustainable development and social responsibility and defines University Social Responsibility (USR) as a university’s impact on society. A distinction is made between dialogue with stakeholders and multistakeholder governance

Aquest article advoca per una major imbricació de la universitat en la societat. Es plantegen els conceptes de desenvolupament sostenible i responsabilitat social i es defineix la Responsabilitat Social Universitària (RSU) com l'impacte de la universitat en la societat. Es distingeix entre diàleg amb els grups d'interès i govern multistakeholder

Ética e integridad en la docencia universitaria / Ethics and integrity in university teaching

No disponible

Fronteiras da formação em saúde: notas sobre a potência da vulnerabilidade / Boundaries of professional education in health: notes on the power of vulnerability / Fronteras de la formación en salud: notas sobre la potencia de la vulnerabilidad

Este ensaio apresenta uma reflexão de autores implicados no debate da formação profissional em saúde. O texto discute, com referencial pós-estruturalista, as fronteiras da formação como uma abertura às forças do acontecimento, sustentando que a aprendizagem se dá não apenas por linhas institucionais formais, mas na força dos encontros e das derivas. São os fatores de exposição à diferença que dão consistência à figura de uma 'pedagogia' da vulnerabilidade. Colocam-se em questão as amarras das políticas de regulação do ensino da saúde em contraponto com brechas dos processos formativos que ocorrem no cotidiano. O texto aponta a potência de uma proposta de formação em saúde que esteja comprometida ética e politicamente com a vida enquanto devir e acontecimento.(AU)

This essay presents a reflection of several authors involved in the debate on professional education in health. The text uses poststructuralist framework to discuss the boundaries of education as a window to the forces of the 'événement' (event). It proposes that learning occurs not only through formal institutional lines, but as product of the strength of encounters and drifts. The factors of exposure to difference are those giving consistency to the figure of a "pedagogy" of vulnerability. The continuity of the policies of health education regulation is questioned, as opposed to the loopholes in the education processes that occur in daily life. The text points to the force of a health education proposal that is ethically and politically committed to life as a permanent becoming and 'événement' (event).(AU)

Este ensayo presenta una reflexión de autores implicados en el debate de la formación profesional en salud. El texto discute, con referencial post-estructuralista, las fronteras de la formación como una apertura a las fuerzas del acontecimiento, sustentando que el aprendizaje se realiza no solo por líneas institucionales formales, sino también en la fuerza de los encuentros y de las derivas. Son los factores de exposición a la diferencia los que dan consistencia a la figura de una 'pedagogía' da vulnerabilidad. Se ponen en tela de juicio las amarras de las políticas de regulación de la enseñanza de la salud en contrapunto con brechas de los procesos formativos que ocurren en el cotidiano. El texto señala la potencia de una propuesta de formación en salud que esté comprometida, de forma ética y política, con la vida como devenir y acontecimiento.(AU)

La CREEI y los retos de la capacitación en bioética ante nuevos y complejos dilemas de salud / CREEI and the challenges of training in bioethics in front of new and complex dilemmas in health

Se pretende divulgar el trabajo para la formación en ética de investigación de la Caribbean Research Ethics Education Initiative (CREEI), y argumentar los retos de la capacitación en bioética ante nuevos y complejos dilemas de salud en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. La CREEI es un programa que puede ser analizado, mejorado y reproducido en los países asociados, para habilitar, en programas híbridos, la reflexión con perspectiva ética, la argumentación en la generación de planes, programas y políticas públicas sanitarias; la pertinencia social, la integridad y dignidad humana; y sobre todo, la actuación para garantizar el ejercicio de la autonomía individual y social, y la tutela de la comunidad que requiera el cuidado del otro, incluyendo humanos, no humanos y medio ambiente. Para ello se utilizan dos herramientas metodológicas principales, el pensamiento complejo de Morin, con estudio de caso y análisis de problema en el sistema educativo basado en el aprendizaje del estudiante y en el significado del fenómeno de estudio; y la casuística como metodología de la ética aplicada, que permite una ética alerta de la moral laica, plural, multidisciplinaria, incluyente o alternativa a otros métodos como el principialista, el personalista, el feminista, etc. Finalmente, el presente muestra los resultados a la fecha de la iniciativa de formación CREEI, el perfil de los participantes en dos generaciones, y los retos de reproducción, cambio o mejora que tiene el programa, atendiendo los requerimientos de los países asociados en materia de formación, capacitación y atención en salud e investigación actual (AU).

It is pretended to divulgate the academic work of the Caribbean Research Ethics Education Initiative, and to debate the Bioethics training challenges in front of new and complex dilemmas of health in Latin America and the Caribbean. It shows the CREEI as a program that can be analyzed, improved and replicated in partner countries to enable in hybrid programs (classroom and online education), the reflection from an ethical perspective, the debate in the generation of plans, programs and health policies; the social pertinence, the human integrity and dignity and, specially, the behavior ensuring the practice of the individual and social autonomy and the tutorship of the community requiring care from others, including humans, non-humans and environment. For this academic challenge, two main methodological tools are used, the complex thought of Morin, with case study and analysis of problem in the educational system, based on student learning and the significance of the phenomenon of study; and the casuistry as methodology of applied ethics, allowing an ethics watchful on secular, plural, multidisciplinary, inclusive moral or alternative to other methods such as the principlist, the personalist, the feminist, etc. Finally, the current work shows the up-today results of the training initiative CREEI, the profile of the participants in two generations, and the challenges of the program reproduction, change or improvement represent, taking into account the current requirements of the participant partner countries in the fields of education, training and care in health and research (AU).

La CREEI y los retos de la capacitación en bioética ante nuevos y complejos dilemas de salud / CREEI and the challenges of training in bioethics in front of new and complex dilemmas in health

Se pretende divulgar el trabajo para la formación en ética de investigación de la Caribbean Research Ethics Education Initiative (CREEI), y argumentar los retos de la capacitación en bioética ante nuevos y complejos dilemas de salud en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. La CREEI es un programa que puede ser analizado, mejorado y reproducido en los países asociados, para habilitar, en programas híbridos, la reflexión con perspectiva ética, la argumentación en la generación de planes, programas y políticas públicas sanitarias; la pertinencia social, la integridad y dignidad humana; y sobre todo, la actuación para garantizar el ejercicio de la autonomía individual y social, y la tutela de la comunidad que requiera el cuidado del otro, incluyendo humanos, no humanos y medio ambiente. Para ello se utilizan dos herramientas metodológicas principales, el pensamiento complejo de Morin, con estudio de caso y análisis de problema en el sistema educativo basado en el aprendizaje del estudiante y en el significado del fenómeno de estudio; y la casuística como metodología de la ética aplicada, que permite una ética alerta de la moral laica, plural, multidisciplinaria, incluyente o alternativa a otros métodos como el principialista, el personalista, el feminista, etc. Finalmente, el presente muestra los resultados a la fecha de la iniciativa de formación CREEI, el perfil de los participantes en dos generaciones, y los retos de reproducción, cambio o mejora que tiene el programa, atendiendo los requerimientos de los países asociados en materia de formación, capacitación y atención en salud e investigación actual (AU).

It is pretended to divulgate the academic work of the Caribbean Research Ethics Education Initiative, and to debate the Bioethics training challenges in front of new and complex dilemmas of health in Latin America and the Caribbean. It shows the CREEI as a program that can be analyzed, improved and replicated in partner countries to enable in hybrid programs (classroom and online education), the reflection from an ethical perspective, the debate in the generation of plans, programs and health policies; the social pertinence, the human integrity and dignity and, specially, the behavior ensuring the practice of the individual and social autonomy and the tutorship of the community requiring care from others, including humans, non-humans and environment. For this academic challenge, two main methodological tools are used, the complex thought of Morin, with case study and analysis of problem in the educational system, based on student learning and the significance of the phenomenon of study; and the casuistry as methodology of applied ethics, allowing an ethics watchful on secular, plural, multidisciplinary, inclusive moral or alternative to other methods such as the principlist, the personalist, the feminist, etc. Finally, the current work shows the up-today results of the training initiative CREEI, the profile of the participants in two generations, and the challenges of the program reproduction, change or improvement represent, taking into account the current requirements of the participant partner countries in the fields of education, training and care in health and research (AU).